أبحاث علمية
أبحاث علمية
مقالات ورؤى في علم النفس والبحث والتنمية البشرية من مجتمعنا العلمي.
أثر البيئة المنتسورية في تنمية مهارات التعلم الذاتي والاستقلالية لدي الأطفال ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد
ﯾﮭـﺪف ھـﺬا اﻟـﺒﺤﺚ إﻟـﻰ اﺳـﺘﻘﺼﺎء ﺗـﺄﺛـﯿﺮ اﻟـﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟـﺼﻔﯿﺔ اﻟـﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ وﻓـﻖ ﻓـﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻣـﻨﺘﺴﻮري ﻋـﻠﻰ ﺗـﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﻣـﮭﺎرات اﻟـﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟـﺬاﺗـﻲ واﻻﺳـﺘﻘﻼﻟـﯿﺔ ﻟـﺪى اﻷطـﻔﺎل ذوي اﺿـﻄﺮاب طـﯿﻒ اﻟـﺘﻮﺣـﺪ ﻓـﻲ ﻣـﺮﺣـﻠﺔ اﻟـﻄﻔﻮﻟـﺔ اﻟـﻤﺒﻜﺮة. وﻗـﺪ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻟـﻤﻨﮭﺞ ﺷـﺒﮫ اﻟﺘﺠـﺮﯾـﺒﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﺗـﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﺑـﺮﻧـﺎﻣـﺞ ﺗـﻌﻠﯿﻤﻲ ﻗـﺎﺋـﻢ ﻋـﻠﻲ ﻣـﺒﺎدئ ﻣـﻨﺘﺴﻮري ﻋـﻠﻰ ﻣﺠـﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﺗﺠـﺮﯾـﺒﯿﺔ، وﻣـﻘﺎرﻧـﺘﮭﻢ ﺗـﻜﻮﻧـﺖ ﻋـﯿﻨﺔ اﻟـﺪراﺳـﺔ 6 أطـﻔﺎل ﺗـﺘﺮاوح أﻋـﻤﺎرھـﻢ ﺑـﯿﻦ 5 إﻟـﻰ 6 ﺑﻤﺠـﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﺿـﺎﺑـﻄﺔ ﺗـﺘﺒﻊ ﻧـﻈﺎم اﻟـﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ اﻟـﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪي. ﺳﻨﻮات، وزﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوي ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ. اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻟـﺒﺎﺣـﺚ أدوات ﻣـﺘﻌﺪدة ﻟـﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻷﺛـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﯿﻨﮭﻢ ﻣـﻘﯿﺎس "اﻟﺴـﻠﻮك اﻻﺳـﺘﻘﻼﻟـﻲ ﻟـﺮﯾـﺎض اﻷطـﻔﺎل" إﺿـﺎﻓـﺔ إﻟـﻰ . أظﮭـﺮت اﻟـﻨﺘﺎﺋـﺞ ﻓـﺮوﻗًـﺎ ذات دﻻﻟـﺔ إﺣـﺼﺎﺋـﯿﺔ ﻟـﺼﺎﻟـﺢ اﻟﻤﺠـﻤﻮﻋـﺔ اﻟﺘﺠـﺮﯾـﺒﯿﺔ، ﺣـﯿﺚ اﺳـﺘﻤﺎرات ﻣـﻼﺣـﻈﺔ ﻣـﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻛـﻤﺎ دﻋـﻤﺖ ﺗـﺤﺴﻨﺖ ﻗـﺪراﺗـﮭﻢ ﻋـﻠﻰ اﺗـﺨﺎذ اﻟـﻘﺮار، وإﻧـﺠﺎز اﻟـﻤﮭﺎم دون ﻣـﺴﺎﻋـﺪة، واﻟـﻤﺒﺎدرة ﻓـﻲ اﻷﻧﺸـﻄﺔ اﻟـﺼﻔﯿﺔ. اﻟـﻤﻼﺣـﻈﺎت اﻟـﯿﻮﻣـﯿﺔ ھـﺬه اﻟـﻨﺘﺎﺋـﺞ ﺣـﯿﺚ اﻧـﺨﻔﺾ اﻻﻋـﺘﻤﺎد ﻋـﻠﻰ اﻟـﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺑـﺸﻜﻞ ﻣـﻠﺤﻮظ ﻣـﻘﺎرﻧـﺔ ﺑـﺎﻟﻤﺠـﻤﻮﻋـﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﺑﻄﺔ. ﺗﺸـﯿﺮ اﻟـﻨﺘﺎﺋـﺞ إﻟـﻰ أن ﺗـﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺑـﯿﺌﺔ اﻟـﺘﻌﻠﻢ طـﺒﻘﺎً ﻟـﻤﻨﮭﺞ ﻣـﻨﺘﺴﻮري ﯾـﺴﮭﻢ ﺑـﺸﻜﻞ ﻓـﻌﺎل ﻓـﻲ دﻋـﻢ اﻻﺳـﺘﻘﻼﻟـﯿﺔ واﻟـﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ، وﯾﻌﺪ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﺎً ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺎً واﻋﺪاً ﻗﺎﺑﻼً ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺎت اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﺪاﻣﺠﺔ. ﻛـﻤﺎ ﺗـﺆﻛـﺪ اﻟـﺪراﺳـﺔ ﻋـﻠﻰ اﻟـﺪور اﻟـﻌﻼﺟـﻲ ﻏـﯿﺮ اﻟـﻤﺒﺎﺷـﺮ ﻟـﻠﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟـﻤﻨﺘﺴﻮرﯾـﺔ ﻓـﻲ دﻋـﻢ اﻟـﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﺴـﻰ واﻟﺴـﻠﻮﻛـﻲ ﻟـﺪى اﻷطﻔﺎل ذوي اﻟﺘﻮﺣﺪ. ﺑـﺎﻹﺿـﺎﻓـﺔ إﻟـﻰ اﻗـﺘﺮاح دﻣـﺞ ﺗـﻘﻨﯿﺎت ﺗـﻜﻨﻮﻟـﻮﺟـﯿﺔ ﺣـﺪﯾـﺜﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺗـﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺑـﻨﯿﺎت ﺻـﻔﯿﺔ وﺑـﺮاﻣـﺞ ﺗـﺪﻋـﻢ اﻟـﺘﻜﯿﯿﻒ اﻟـﻔﺮدي وﺗﻌﺰز ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﯿﺔ اﻷطﻔﺎل ذوى اﻟﺘﻮﺣﺪ.
قراءة البحث كاملاًهذا البحث مقدم لجائزة الأبحاث العلمية في مجال التوحد بعنوان " مدي فعالية برنامج قائم على نظرية العلاج بالقبول والالتزام في تحسين جودة الحياة والصمود النفسي لدى أمهات الطلاب ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد ونقص الانتباه / فرط الحركة والإعاقة الذهنية"
هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى فعالية برنامج قائم على نظرية العلاج بالقبول والالتزام في تحسين جودة الحياة والصمود النفسي لدى أمهات الطلاب ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد ونقص الانتباه / فرط الحركة والإعاقة الذهنية ، وأجريت الدراسة على عينة أساسية بلغت 30 أم، وتم توزيع عينة الدراسة إلى (15) أم كمجموعة ضابطة، و(15) أم كمجموعة تجريبية، تراوحت أعمارهن ما بين 27 إلى 48 عامًا بمتوسط عمري 39.22 عامًا وانحراف معياري قدره 5.22 عامًا، وبعد ترجمة وتعريب مقياسي جودة الحياة والصمود النفسي والتأكد من الخصائص السيكومترية . تم اختيار عينة الدراسة الأساسية ومن ثم تطبيق البرنامج العلاجي لمدة شهرين متتالين، وبعد مرور شهرين من تطبيق البرنامج تم القياس التتبعي، وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التطبيق القبلي والبعدي للمجموعة التجريبية على مقياسي جودة الحياة والصمود النفسي في اتجاه القياس البعدي، كما اظهرت فروق بين المجموعتين الضابطة والتجريبية على القياس البعدي على مقياسي جودة الحياة والصمود النفسي في اتجاه المجموعة التجريبية، كما لم تكن هناك فروق جوهرية بين القياس البعدي والتتبعي لدى المجموعة التجريبية مما يعطي مؤشر على استمرار التحسن لحين التطبيق التتبعي بعد مرور شهرين.
قراءة البحث كاملاًGender-Related Disparities in induced biochemical autistic features using propionic acid rat model
The dramatical increase in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence as a neurodevelopmental disorder highlighted the urgent need for early detection and intervention as its symptoms vary across individuals. The question of whether females and males show ASD differently is still up for debate. Research examining the relationship between sex and symptoms of autism and other psychiatric issues typically lacks a general population comparison group, making it difficult to determine whether observed differences are unique to autism or reflect general development patterns. Methods: The present study aimed to understanding sex-related differences in vulnerability to develop autistic features in propionic acid (PPA) induced autism in the rodent model. Thirty-six Wistar albino juvenile male and female rats were divided equally into four groups. Group 1 received saline and served as a control. Group 2 received buffered PPA at 250 mg/kg b.w/day for three consecutive days. While sixteen female Wistar albino juvenile rats were divided into two groups (8 rats/group) as follows: Group 3 received saline and served as a control. While, Group 4 received buffered PPA at 250 mg/kg b.w/day for three consecutive days. Serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were measured. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), caspase 9 and NF-κB were evaluated in all groups. Moreover, Expression Analysis of neurodevelopmental regulator genes (FMR1 and FOXP1) and inflammatory gene (COX-1) was detected. Results: PPA administration significantly reduced dopamine, GABA, and FMR1 gene with significant elevation in malondialdehyde, serotonin, glutamate, BDNF, caspase 9, NF-κB and Expression of FOXP1 and COX-1 genes. Conclusion: Our research highlighted different biochemical parameters that can be promising biomarkers for ASD. the study also discussed sex differences found in animal models of ASD, to provide a possible explanation of the neurological mechanisms underpinning the different presentation of autistic symptoms in males and females.
قراءة البحث كاملاًFrom Mechanism Discovery to Intervention: Mast Cell Overactivation and Histamine Dysregulation in ASD and PTSD—Implications for Therapy, Environmental Design, and Support in War-Affected Populations.
This paper explores the role of mast cell overactivation and histamine dysregulation as potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying symptoms observed in ASD and PTSD. Evidence from reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies suggests a significant association between MCAS, HIT, environmental triggers, and a broad spectrum of those symptoms. Mast cells, as key components of the immune system, play a central role in inflammatory signaling and neuroimmune communication. When over activated, they release also histamine acting through H1–H4 receptors, influencing multiple systems, including immune, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous system functions, affecting GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling, blood–brain barrier integrity, and neuroinflammatory pathways. Histamine degradation is primarily regulated by DAO and HNMT; genetic polymorphisms or acquired deficiencies in these enzymes may impair histamine clearance, leading to systemic accumulation and exacerbation of neurological and behavioral symptoms. A notable clinical overlap exists between MCAS, HIT, ASD, and PTSD, including gastrointestinal disturbances, sensory hypersensitivity, cognitive impairment, emotional dysregulation, sleep disturbances, and chronic neuroinflammation. Environmental and physiological triggers—such as infections, allergens, mold exposure, toxins, dietary histamine, and sensory stressors (light, noise, vibration, temperature, and humidity)—may further contribute to mast cell activation and symptom severity. Preliminary evidence indicates that interventions targeting mast cells regulation by design of low-trigger, supportive indoor environments, may help reduce symptom burden. These findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and highlight the need for controlled clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of integrated therapeutic dietary, supplementation and environmental strategies, particularly in vulnerable populations, including individuals affected by war-related trauma stress.
قراءة البحث كاملاًInclusive Education for Learners with Disabilities in the MENA Region: A Policy Analysis of Persistent Challenges and Emerging Practices
Across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the right of learners with disabilities to an inclusive education is widely affirmed in law and national vision yet unevenly realised in practice. This policy analysis examines the gap between these ideals and the classroom realities that persist across the region, and it asks what emerging practices are beginning to close it. Drawing on peer-reviewed regional scholarship, we organise the evidence around a multilevel framework spanning policy, school, classroom, and family–community levels. We identify five recurring challenges: a durable policy-implementation gap in which progressive laws outrun the systems needed to enact them; a shortage of adequately prepared teachers and the ambivalent attitudes that shortage sustains; deficits in accessible infrastructure, resources, and assistive technology; cultural attitudes and stigma that shape family and community responses to disability; and weak data and fragmented, country-by-country progress that make regional learning difficult. Against these, we document a set of emerging practices with a growing evidence base: structured teacher professional development, the tailored use of assistive and technology-enhanced learning, deliberate family and community engagement, and the articulation of national inclusive-education frameworks, of which the United Arab Emirates model built around the concept of People of Determination is the most developed. We argue that the region's central task is not to invent new ideals but to build the implementation capacity, teacher pipeline, and data infrastructure through which existing commitments can be met, and we offer a policy framework and recommendations to that end. The analysis is limited by the uneven coverage of the underlying literature, which is concentrated in the Gulf states and thin for parts of North Africa.
قراءة البحث كاملاًLong COVID as a Mass Disability Event: Biological Mechanisms, Economic Consequences, and the Rehabilitation Imperative
The COVID-19 pandemic left behind a chronic condition whose scale qualifies it as one of the largest disability events in modern history. Long COVID, or post-COVID-19 condition, affects a meaningful fraction of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 and produces fatigue, cognitive impairment, and respiratory limitation that can persist for years, fluctuate unpredictably, and remove otherwise healthy adults from work at the peak of their productive lives. This paper joins a biological and an economic reading of the phenomenon and asks what both imply for rehabilitation and disability policy. We first synthesise the mechanistic evidence, viral persistence, immune dysregulation, endothelial injury, and autonomic dysfunction, that has moved long COVID from contested syndrome to documented multi- system disease. We then assemble the economic evidence: population-level estimates of symptom-cluster prevalence, labour-market withdrawal on the order of millions of workers in the United States alone, and aggregate cost estimates in the trillions of dollars once foregone earnings, medical spending, and lost wellbeing are counted. A simple accounting framework formalises these components, and we discuss what its terms look like in low- and middle- income countries, where surveillance is weakest, rehabilitation capacity thinnest, and the condition largely invisible in official statistics. We argue that long COVID exposes a structural mismatch between episodic, fluctuating disability and rehabilitation and benefit systems built for stable diagnoses, and that the response, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, paced self-management, telehealth, and disability recognition, is affordable relative to the cost of inaction. Recommendations are offered for health systems, employers, and researchers.
قراءة البحث كاملاًGut-Brain Axis Interventions in Pediatric Psychosomatic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Gastrointestinal vs. Non-Gastrointestinal Symptom Outcomes
Psychosomatic symptoms in children and adolescents are increasingly linked to the gut-brain axis, prompting exploration of microbiome-based interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). This systematic review evaluated their efficacy in reducing gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal psychosomatic symptoms in pediatric populations (aged 0–18years) through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, and EKB up to 10 May 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Ten RCTs (n=512) were included, with two reviewers independently selecting studies, extracting data, and assessing risk of bias using the RoB 2 tool. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were pooled using random-effects models in RevMan 5.4, showing significant reductions in gastrointestinal symptom severity (SMD-0.52, 95% CI-0.78 to-0.26; I2=62%; 8 studies, using VAS and IBS-SSS) and smaller reductions in non-gastrointestinal symptoms (SMD-0.38, 95% CI-0.61 to-0.15; I2=55%; 6 studies, using PedsQL and SCARED), with probiotics yielding the largest effect sizes. Despite low evidence certainty due to study heterogeneity, these findings support microbiome-based interventions, particularly probiotics, for reducing psychosomatic symptom severity, especially gastrointestinal symptoms, and highlight the need for more rigorous, standardized trials to inform clinical approaches to pediatric psychosomatic care.
قراءة البحث كاملاًCommunity-Based Rehabilitation in Developing Regions: Access, Effectiveness, and a Capability-Centred Agenda for Inclusive Practice
Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) remains the principal strategy through which low- and middle-income countries attempt to close the gap between the scale of rehabilitation need and the reach of formal health systems. Yet more than four decades after its introduction, the evidence on what CBR achieves, for whom, and under what conditions is still uneven, and much of the debate proceeds without a clear normative account of what rehabilitation is ultimately for. This paper offers an interdisciplinary synthesis. Drawing on published evaluations, systematic reviews, and recent programme reports from sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America, we examine patterns of access, documented effectiveness, and recurring barriers to CBR in developing regions. We then propose an integrated analytical framework that joins a sociological reading of structural exclusion with the capability approach as a normative anchor, and we outline a simple composite measure, a capability-adjusted rehabilitation access index, together with a modelling strategy that programmes could adopt with routinely collected data. Three findings stand out. First, unmet need is very large and socially patterned: poverty, rurality, gender, and stigma compound one another. Second, where CBR has been evaluated with credible designs it shows meaningful effects on independence, social inclusion, and livelihoods, but evaluation practice remains weak overall. Third, emerging digital and data-driven tools could strengthen CBR monitoring, provided that questions of equity, consent, and algorithmic bias are addressed from the outset. We close with recommendations for programme design, measurement, and policy that follow from treating people with disabilities as agents whose real freedoms are the proper measure of success.
قراءة البحث كاملاًVocational Rehabilitation for Adults with Disabilities: A Narrative Systematic Review of Interventions, Employment Outcomes, and Their Determinants
Work is central to adult life, yet adults with disabilities remain far less likely to be employed than their non-disabled peers, and vocational rehabilitation (VR) is the principal service response to that gap. This review asks what VR interventions improve competitive employment for adults with disabilities, how large the effects are, and what personal, service, employer, and policy factors condition them. We conducted a structured search of the biomedical literature and synthesised seventeen studies, drawn predominantly from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, in a narrative framework organised by intervention type and population. Three findings stand out. First, supported employment delivered according to the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model has the strongest and most consistent evidence base, roughly doubling rates of competitive employment relative to traditional train-then-place services across diverse settings. Second, for adults returning to work after acquired injury or illness, including traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and musculoskeletal conditions, coordinated, early, work-focused interventions that engage the workplace outperform clinic-only care, though the evidence is more heterogeneous. Third, outcomes are shaped as much by context, employer attitudes, benefit structures, labour-market conditions, and the local economy, as by the intervention itself, which helps explain why effect sizes vary across jurisdictions. We discuss the implications for rights-based employment policy under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and for settings such as the United Arab Emirates that frame disability through the lens of People of Determination. The review's limitations include reliance on secondary syntheses and predominance of high-income-country evidence. We conclude that the field knows, with reasonable confidence, that place-then-train models work; the outstanding task is implementation at scale and adaptation to local labour markets.
قراءة البحث كاملاً